5 Facts About WW2’s Secret Eagle Squadron

Before the United States officially entered World War II, a group of brave American volunteers took to the skies in defense of Britain. These pilots formed the legendary Eagle Squadrons—three Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter units composed entirely of Americans, established around 1940 during the early days of the war.

5. The First Eagle Squadron Was Formed a Year Before Pearl Harbor

The first Eagle Squadron, No. 71, was officially formed in September 1940—more than a year before the attack on Pearl Harbor. By mid-1941, more American volunteers had arrived in England, leading to the creation of No. 121 Squadron in May and No. 133 Squadron in August.

4. Joining the Eagle Squadron Wasn’t for the Faint of Heart

Becoming an Eagle Squadron pilot wasn’t easy. Volunteers needed to be between the ages of 20 and 31, have a high school diploma, excellent eyesight, and at least 300 hours of certified flight time.

With Britain standing alone against the Axis powers and France already fallen, time was of the essence. Training was fast, intense, and designed to quickly turn skilled aviators into battle-ready fighter pilots.

3. These Pilots Were Deeply Motivated

Eagle Squadron pilots weren’t just thrill-seekers—they were driven by purpose. According to famed Air Force commander Ira Eaker, “They realized that they should do their best to see that Great Britain survived.” After completing training, these Americans knew the front lines awaited them.

2. They Flew Legendary Planes in Fierce Combat

Once the Eagles transitioned to the Spitfire Mk. V—a fast, agile fighter that could match the best the Luftwaffe had to offer—their impact grew. They took part in aggressive fighter sweeps over Europe, engaging enemy aircraft head-on. Meanwhile, No. 121 Squadron, equipped with Hurricanes, provided vital coastal convoy escorts.

1. Pearl Harbor Marked the End of the Eagle Squadrons

After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, most Eagle Squadron pilots transferred from the RAF to the United States Army Air Forces. While a few chose to remain with the British, many saw the transition as a chance to officially serve their homeland. The squadrons were reorganized into the 4th Fighter Group: No. 71 became the 334th Fighter Squadron, No. 121 became the 335th, and No. 133 became the 336th.

The Eagle Squadrons remain a remarkable chapter in history—proof of courage, conviction, and international brotherhood in the skies over war-torn Europe.