The Incredible Story of the WWII Swedish Radial Fighter Jet

Sweden’s Neutrality and the Need for a Domestic Fighter

During World War II, Sweden faced a difficult situation. Surrounded by countries occupied by German forces, it needed to protect its airspace while maintaining neutrality. The Swedish government realized that relying on foreign aircraft was becoming impossible due to embargoes and shifting political alliances. This led to the development of the FFVS J 22, a domestically designed fighter aircraft intended to strengthen Sweden’s air defenses.

Sweden had initially tried to purchase aircraft from other countries, but most were unwilling to sell. The United States, a key supplier of modern aircraft, imposed restrictions that prevented Sweden from acquiring the planes it needed. With limited options, Sweden made the bold decision to create its own fighter aircraft, despite having little experience in designing such planes.

Overcoming Limited Resources and Manufacturing Challenges

The Swedish government established the Flygförvaltningens Flygverkstad i Stockholm (FFVS), an organization dedicated to producing a homegrown fighter. Engineers faced several challenges, including a shortage of materials like aluminum, which was crucial for aircraft construction. To overcome this, they developed innovative solutions, including the use of laminated wood and steel in the aircraft’s structure.

One of the biggest breakthroughs was the decision to use the American Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine. Sweden had stockpiled these engines before the embargo, allowing the project to move forward despite restrictions on importing new components. This engine had already been proven in aircraft such as the Douglas DC-3 and provided a reliable power source for the J 22.

The Development and Performance of the J 22

Engineers designed the J 22 to be lightweight, maneuverable, and easy to maintain. The aircraft had a top speed of 350 mph (560 km/h) and was armed with four 13.2 mm Akan m/39 autocannons. Despite being built under wartime restrictions, it performed well in flight tests and showed promise as an effective fighter.

However, production delays meant that the J 22 did not enter service until 1943. By this time, the most advanced Allied and Axis aircraft had already surpassed it in terms of speed and firepower. Even so, it played a crucial role in Sweden’s air defense, proving that the country could build a capable fighter under difficult circumstances.

Sweden’s Strategy for Survival

Throughout the war, Sweden remained officially neutral but had to make difficult decisions to maintain its security. One of the most controversial aspects of its wartime policy was its economic relationship with Germany. Sweden continued to export iron ore, a critical resource for Germany’s war effort, while also secretly cooperating with the Allies by sharing intelligence on German military movements.

Sweden also prepared for the possibility of an invasion. The Swedish military strengthened its coastal defenses, improved its air raid warning systems, and increased weapons production. Saab, Sweden’s primary aircraft manufacturer, ramped up production of bombers and reconnaissance planes, while Bofors, the country’s leading arms producer, supplied advanced anti-aircraft and artillery systems.

The Legacy of the J 22 in Swedish Aviation

The J 22 remained in service until the late 1940s, by which time it was outdated compared to jet-powered aircraft. However, its development marked an important step for Sweden’s aviation industry. The experience gained from designing and manufacturing the J 22 helped lay the groundwork for future Swedish fighter aircraft, including the Saab 29 Tunnan, Sweden’s first jet-powered fighter.

The J 22 may not have been the most advanced aircraft of World War II, but it was a significant achievement given the circumstances. Sweden proved that, even under political isolation and material shortages, it could develop and produce a fighter that met its defense needs. The story of the J 22 remains an important chapter in the history of Swedish aviation, demonstrating the country’s ability to adapt and innovate during a time of global conflict.